Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology
Article Title: Broad-spectrum inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 variants by dibutyl phthalate through allosteric disruption of Spike-ACE2 interface
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1610775
Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-ACE2 interaction by DBP and its effect on ACE2 enzymatic activity. (A) Schematic illustration of ELISA assays under three experimental conditions: DBP No Premix, DBP-ACE2 Premix, and DBP-Spike Premix. (B) ELISA showing the inhibitory effect of DBP on the binding of SARS-CoV-2 RBD to ACE2. (C) Bar graph depicting the inhibition rate of ACE2/RBD binding by DBP under varied preincubation conditions. DBP at concentrations of 100 μM (blue) and 200 μM (orange) was evaluated in three conditions: no preincubation (DBP No Premix), preincubation with ACE2 (DBP-ACE2 Premix, 1 h), and preincubation with RBD (DBP-RBD Premix, 1 h). (D) Assessment of DBP’s effect on ACE2 enzymatic activity within a concentration range of 12.5–200 μM. Relative Fluorescence units were reported as mean ± SD. Significant differences were observed in the MLN-4760 group compared to the Neg group (*** P < 0.001), while no statistically significant differences (ns) were detected in the other experimental groups. (E) Molecular docking analysis showing that DBP stably binds at the RBD (Cyan). (F) Structural representation of the ACE2-RBD interface (Red) before DBP binding, showing the formation of 18 hydrogen bonds (Yellow) and one salt bridge (Orange). ACE2 inter-action residues are shown in yellow, RBD residues in salmon. (G) Structural representation of the ACE2-RBD interface (Red) after DBP binding, with only 7 hydrogen bonds remaining.
Article Snippet: SARS-CoV-2 Spike trimer protein (40589-V08H4), ACE2 protein (10108-H08H), Recombinant Anti-ACE2 Antibody (10108-R003), SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) Spike Antibody (Rabbit PAb) (40592-T62) were purchased from sino biological (Beijing, China).
Techniques: Inhibition, Activity Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Binding Assay, Concentration Assay, Fluorescence, Stable Transfection